Jumping and squashing monsters

In this part, we'll add the ability to jump and squash the monsters. In the next lesson, we'll make the player die when a monster hits them on the ground.

First, we have to change a few settings related to physics interactions. Enter the world of physics layers.

Controlling physics interactions

Physics bodies have access to two complementary properties: layers and masks. Layers define on which physics layer(s) an object is.

Masks control the layers that a body will listen to and detect. This affects collision detection. When you want two bodies to interact, you need at least one to have a mask corresponding to the other.

If that's confusing, don't worry, we'll see three examples in a second.

The important point is that you can use layers and masks to filter physics interactions, control performance, and remove the need for extra conditions in your code.

By default, all physics bodies and areas are set to both layer and mask 1. This means they all collide with each other.

Physics layers are represented by numbers, but we can give them names to keep track of what's what.

Setting layer names

Let's give our physics layers a name. Go to Project -> Project Settings.

In the left menu, navigate down to Layer Names -> 3D Physics. You can see a list of layers with a field next to each of them on the right. You can set their names there. Name the first three layers player, enemies, and world, respectively.

Now, we can assign them to our physics nodes.

Assigning layers and masks

In the Main scene, select the Ground node. In the Inspector, expand the Collision section. There, you can see the node's layers and masks as a grid of buttons.

The ground is part of the world, so we want it to be part of the third layer. Click the lit button to toggle off the first Layer and toggle on the third one. Then, toggle off the Mask by clicking on it.

As mentioned before, the Mask property allows a node to listen to interaction with other physics objects, but we don't need it to have collisions. Ground doesn't need to listen to anything; it's just there to prevent creatures from falling.

Note that you can click the "..." button on the right side of the properties to see a list of named checkboxes.

Next up are the Player and the Mob. Open player.tscn by double-clicking the file in the FileSystem dock.

Select the Player node and set its Collision -> Mask to both "enemies" and "world". You can leave the default Layer property as it is, because the first layer is the "player" layer.

Then, open the Mob scene by double-clicking on mob.tscn and select the Mob node.

Set its Collision -> Layer to "enemies" and unset its Collision -> Mask, leaving the mask empty.

These settings mean the monsters will move through one another. If you want the monsters to collide with and slide against each other, turn on the "enemies" mask.

Note

The mobs don't need to mask the "world" layer because they only move on the XZ plane. We don't apply any gravity to them by design.

Jumping

The jumping mechanic itself requires only two lines of code. Open the Player script. We need a value to control the jump's strength and update _physics_process() to code the jump.

After the line that defines fall_acceleration, at the top of the script, add the jump_impulse.

GDScriptC#

#...
# Vertical impulse applied to the character upon jumping in meters per second.
@export var jump_impulse = 20

Inside _physics_process(), add the following code before the move_and_slide() codeblock.

GDScriptC#

func _physics_process(delta):
    #...

    # Jumping.
    if is_on_floor() and Input.is_action_just_pressed("jump"):
        target_velocity.y = jump_impulse

    #...

That's all you need to jump!

The is_on_floor() method is a tool from the CharacterBody3D class. It returns true if the body collided with the floor in this frame. That's why we apply gravity to the Player: so we collide with the floor instead of floating over it like the monsters.

If the character is on the floor and the player presses "jump", we instantly give them a lot of vertical speed. In games, you really want controls to be responsive and giving instant speed boosts like these, while unrealistic, feels great.

Notice that the Y axis is positive upwards. That's unlike 2D, where the Y axis is positive downwards.

Squashing monsters

Let's add the squash mechanic next. We're going to make the character bounce over monsters and kill them at the same time.

We need to detect collisions with a monster and to differentiate them from collisions with the floor. To do so, we can use Godot's group tagging feature.

Open the scene mob.tscn again and select the Mob node. Go to the Node dock on the right to see a list of signals. The Node dock has two tabs: Signals, which you've already used, and Groups, which allows you to assign tags to nodes.

Click on it to reveal a field where you can write a tag name. Enter "mob" in the field and click the Add button.

An icon appears in the Scene dock to indicate the node is part of at least one group.

We can now use the group from the code to distinguish collisions with monsters from collisions with the floor.

Coding the squash mechanic

Head back to the Player script to code the squash and bounce.

At the top of the script, we need another property, bounce_impulse. When squashing an enemy, we don't necessarily want the character to go as high up as when jumping.

GDScriptC#

# Vertical impulse applied to the character upon bouncing over a mob in
# meters per second.
@export var bounce_impulse = 16